A = A living cell; B = Thecas in ventral and dorsal views; C = Cyst (courtesy of Anna Godhe). (DIC)
Life-form: Solitary
Size: Length 40-56 µm, width 24-35 µm.
Resting spore: +
Note: Brackish water species according to Steidinger & Tangen (1996)
Distinctive features:
Similar species:
Distribution: Worldwide
Literature:
Dodge, J. D. 1989. Some revisions of the family Gonyaulacaceae
(Dinophyceae) based on a scanning electron microscope study. Botanica
Marina. 32: 275-298.
Hansen, G. & Larsen, J. 1992. Dinoflagellater i danske farvande. In: Thomsen, H. A. (ed.) Plankton i de indre danske farvande. Havforskning fra Miljøstyrelsen, Copenhagen, p. 45-155.
Steidinger, K. A. & Tangen, K. 1996. Dinoflagellates. In: Tomas, C. R. (ed.) Identifying marine diatoms and dinoflagellates. Academic Press, Inc., San Diego, p. 387-584.
Zonneveld, K. A. F. & Dale, B. 1994. The cyst-motile stage relationships of Protoperidinium monospinum (Paulsen) Zonneveld et Dale comb. nov. and Gonyaulax verior (Dinophyta, Dinophyceae) from the Oslo Fjord (Norway). Phycologia. 33: 359-368.