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An ensemble of models has been used to assess eutrophication in the North Sea and Baltic Sea in the present and the future climate, using a method suggested in Almroth and Skogen (2010). In the control run, the assessment of eutrophication status according to the integration of the categorized …

In the western Skagerrak the spring bloom was ongoing and in the Kattegat it was in the beginning. The concentrations of phosphate and silicate were over to much over normal levels in the whole area. The bottom water of the Arkona Basin was well oxygenated. Oxygen concentrations below 2 ml/l were …

The regional, coupled atmosphere-ice-ocean model RCA4-NEMO developed at the SMHI is evaluated on the basis of an ERA40 hindcast. While the development of the regional climate model is continuing a first assessment is presented here to allow for an orientation about the status guo. RCA4-NEMO in its …

Surface water temperatures were normal in the whole area. Surface nutrient concentrations were normal at most of the visited stations. Oxygen concentrations below 2 ml/l were present at depths exceeding 70-90 metres. Hydrogen sulphide was found deeper than 90 metres in the western Gotland Basin and …

The survey was completed in co-operation with SLU (Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences) and within the international acoustic survey in the Bothnian Sea and Baltic Proper (BIAS) during weeks 40-42. The oxygen situation in the Baltic Proper is severe. Low oxygen concentrations (<2 ml/l) were found at depths exceeding 50 to 100 metres in all basins. Hydrogen sulphide was also found deeper than 70 to 90 metres. For a more detailed description of the oxygen status in the Baltic, see: Report Oceanography No.45 Oxygen Survey in the Baltic Sea, 2012. http://www.smhi.se/publikationer

The cell concentrations were low in all sampling stations at the Swedish West coast and in the Baltic Sea. The species diversity was higher in the Kattegat and Skagerrak areas than in the Baltic Sea. The species diversity was highest among the dinoflagellates although it seems like the diatom …

There is a need for having a reliable numerical representation of the exchanges between the Baltic Sea and the North Sea from many points of view. First, the North Sea is the salt provider of the Baltic Sea, but also the oxygen provider of the lowermost layers of the Baltic Sea. This means that any …

A climatology atlas of the oxygen situation in the deep water of the Baltic Sea was published in 2011 in the SMHI Report Oceanography No 42. The results for 2011 were preliminary and have in this report been updated as new additional data have been reported to ICES. The results for 2012 are …

Surface water temperatures were somewhat below normal in Skagerrak, otherwise typical for the season. Concentrations of inorganic nitrogen were normal in all areas. Phosphate as well as silicate showed values above normal in Skagerrak and in the southern Baltic Proper, in all other areas …