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SMHI, along with the hydrological warning services in Slovakia and the Netherlands, has been given responsibility of disseminating early flood risk warnings to national warning centres in Europe. SMHI will lead the consortium.

Winter calm are the key words summarizing the phytoplankton situation throughout the sampling areas in the Western Sea and in the Baltic in January. Fragments from a Ceratium bloom was found at the Skagerrak coast (Släggö) and in the Kattegat. The diversity was very low. Cryptomonads were common in …

Surface water temperatures were higher than normal in parts of the Baltic Proper. Concentrations of inorganic nitrogen were mainly normal, with the exception of some areas in Skagerrak were they were somewhat elevated. Phosphate values were normal in Skagerrak and Kattegat but higher than normal in …

Overall the phytoplankton diversity was low at the Skagerrak sampling sites. The genus Ceratium that has been found in high amounts during autumn was observed with moderate cell numbers. The species diversity was a bit higher at the Kattegat sampling sites compared to the Skagerrak area, except on …

Most parameters showed values typical for the season, except phosphate and silicate that showed elevated concentrations in some parts of the Baltic Proper. Oxygen concentrations below 2 ml/l were observed at depths exceeding 50 to 80 metres in the main part of the Baltic Proper and from 125 …

The survey was completed in co-operation with SLU (Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences) and within the international acoustic survey in the Bothnian Sea and Baltic Proper (BIAS) during weeks 38-42. The oxygen situation in the Baltic Proper is severe. Low oxygen concentrations (<2 ml/l) were found at depths exceeding 50 to 80 metres in all basins. Hydrogen sulphide was also found in all areas deeper than 70 to 90 metres. For a more detailed description of the oxygen status in the Baltic, see: Report Oceanography No. 42 Areal Extent and Volume of Anoxia and Hypoxia in the Baltic Sea, 1960-2011.

The integrated (0-20 meters) chlorophyll a concentrations were normal for the season at all Skagerrak sites. Chlorophyll a concentrations were however above normal in Kattegat at N14 and on the second sampling occasion at Anholt E. The phytoplankton community in the Skagerrak and the Kattegat was …