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When a wave approaches the coast and the depth becomes shallower than about half the wave length, it becomes steeper and slower until it breaks. In very shallow water, the wave is speed is governed purely by water depth and becomes the same as the group speed.

The total volume of water in the global oceans affects the sea level in our seas. The volume of the global ocean is determined partly by the ocean temperature and by how much water is stored on land in reservoirs and aquifers, and as ice in the form of glaciers, Antarctic ice and Greenland ice. The …

Watercourses that run into the Baltic add fresh water, thus reducing the salinity of the sea. The density of fresh water is lower than salt water, which affects the sea level in the Baltic.

Strong winds can cause a set-up in the Baltic Sea level, pushing the water up against the coast, so that there is a (gentle) slope in sea level from one side of the sea to the other. As the wind changes, it can no longer maintain this sea level slope, and the water is released starting an …

Coast and sea do not have any national boundaries so the environmental work in Sweden is governed by both national and international guidelines and marine conventions.

Wind has a great effect on the water temperature. A sea breeze leads to warmer water at the coast, while an offshore breeze leads to colder nearshore water. This is because when the wind blows towards the land (an onshore breeze) warm surface water is forced inshore. The opposite happens when the …

A tsunami is a wave that forms in the ocean following an earthquake on the sea floor. Tsunamis can also be formed by landslides or volcano eruptions under water, or if a meteorite falls into the sea, but earthquakes are the most common cause of tsunamis.

The acidity of the sea is measured using the pH scale. Over the last few years a number of articles have been published about the decrease in the pH value of the world oceans – indicating an increase in the acidity of the sea. Measurements from Swedish sea areas indicate that the same is happening …

Large volumes of man-made waste make their way out into the sea, which can cause environmental problems and the death of many marine animals. The most famous waste zone is perhaps the Great Pacific Garbage Patch, where ocean currents have gathered huge amounts of plastic from the coasts of the US …

Have invading comb jellies spread to the Baltic? Do jellyfish eat zooplankton that would otherwise feed fish? How do jellyfish affect the food chain? BAZOOCA (Baltic Zooplankton Cascades) is a research collaboration between countries around the Baltic to find out how changes in jellyfish stocks …