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The large north-south extent of Swedish waters leads to large temperature differences, and therefore also large differences in ice conditions.

SMHI has a long tradition of operational hydrological modelling including forecasts of water discharge, fire hazard, design of dams and dam regulation routines, flood risk, water quality and substance transport and the effects of climate change on hydrology and water quality.

M.Sc.

Surface water temperatures were normal in the Skagerrak, while it was above normal in the Kattegat and Baltic Proper. Nutrient levels in surface water were normal throughout the investigated area. In the main part of the Baltic Proper oxygen concentrations below 2 ml/l were observed at depths …

Climate effects may, in the long term, lead to a general rise in sea levels. Our assessments of future sea water levels are based on the best assumptions that can be made today, but still contain a measure of uncertainty since we do not know what the green house emissions will be in the future.

Surface water temperatures were normal in the Skagerrak and Kattegat, but above normal in the Baltic Proper. Nutrient concentrations were normal in the whole investigated area. In the main part of the Baltic Proper oxygen concentrations below 2 ml/l were observed at depths exceeding 70 to 80 …

SMHI has been monitoring some sorts of algae in the Baltic, the Skagerrak and the Kattegat since 2002. Algae can be detected from satellite when they gather on or near the sea surface.

Surface nutrient concentrations were normal in all areas. The oxygen concentration in the deep water of the southern Kattegat and in the Sound was slightly lower than normal. In the western and eastern Gotland Basins oxygen concentrations below 2 ml/l were found at depth exceeding 70-80 meters. …

Now SMHI and SYKE are increasing their joint monitoring of the state of the environment in the Gulf of Bothnia, the Baltic Proper and the Kattegat. A TransAtlantic merchant vessel that plies the seas non-stop has been equipped with a “FerryBox”. Every 20 seconds, automatic measurements of the water …