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The OSPAR Revised Eutrophication Monitoring Programme (ETG 05/3/Info.1-E) requests that nutrient "monitoring should include sufficient samples to confirm that the maximum winter nutrient concentration has been determined", while para. 7 of the Terms of Reference for the preparation of guidance on …

Automated systems for observing physical, chemical and biological conditions in the sea are being implemented worldwide as part of the Global Ocean Observing System. This report describes their use in the Baltic and the Skagerrak-Kattegat areas. An evaluation of the use of FerryBox systems in …

In many situations it is important to be able to make ocean forecasts; to issue warnings about risk of flooding in coastal areas, to make forecasts of e.g. oil-drift spill, ice formation, ice compression, and wave height. The Operational oceanographic research group develops models and tools to …

In order to understand how the ocean works, the different processes, which together determine the larger-scale picture, are needed to be studied. Many processes take place on a scale that is much smaller than the scale numerical models can resolve, and a way to describe them in the models must be …

Nutrient concentrations were higher than normal for the season in the central Skagerrak. Phosphate and silicate concentrations were enhanced in the southern Baltic and in the Sound. Measurements of fluorescence and oxygen saturation indicated that the spring bloom was underway in the Kattegat and …

Oxygen conditions in the main part of the Hanö Bight, around the Midsjö Banks and in the Northern part of the Bornholm Basin were good. Oxygen concentrations below 2 ml/l were found, both west and east of Gotland, at depths excceding 70-80 metres. Hydrogen sulphide was found at three stations west …

The water temperature was to some extent elevated in the north Baltic Proper. Nutrient concentrations were normal in most basins with the exception of the southern and eastern parts of the Baltic Proper where phosphate showed elevated concentrations. The spring blooms had not started in the Baltic …

Kattegatt and the Sound nutrient concentrations showed normal values. The oxygen condition in the bottom waters of the area was good and most stations showed values over 90% oxygen saturation. The spring bloom had not yet started.

Surface water temperatures were somewhat above normal in Kattegat and the Baltic Proper. All nutrients, showed normal winter values in the whole area, with the exception of phosphate, that showed elevated concentrations in the Southern Baltic Proper. In no areas, any sign of spring bloom was …