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The Baltic Sea is optically a multi-componental water and has exceedingly high levels of colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM, also referred as yellow matter, gilvin or gelbstoff). CDOM is a complex mixture of chemical bonds originating from the decay of photosynthetically produced organic matter Last updated: Apr 23, 2014

Last updated: Apr 23, 2014

Eutrophication is a severe threat to the Baltic Sea ecosystem. During recent decades, eutrophication-associated problems - such as deep water oxygen deficiency, the spreading of dead bottom zones, increased frequency and intensity of cyanobacterial blooms - have been observed. The ability to bind Last updated: Nov 22, 2023

Lena Viktorsson Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute Oceanographic Laboratory 2022-02-23 Dnr S/Gbg-2022-17 Address Sven Källfelts Gata 15 426 71 Västra Frölunda Telephone 011-495 80 00 E‐mail Lena.viktorsson @smhi.se WWW http //www.smhi.se/ Report from SMHI’s marine monitoring cruise Last updated: Feb 24, 2022

R/V Aranda, the research vessel of Finnish Environmental Institute SYKE has during the winter 2014 monitored the environmental status of the Baltic Sea on an area that is significantly larger compared with previous years, as a result of co-operation with the Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Last updated: Mar 20, 2017

/l. At the other stations in the open sea, levels in the deep water were measured at 5.3–5.4 ml/l, which is normal. The Kattegat and the Sound The temperature in the surface layer, 0–10 meters, was just under 17 ℃, which is normal for the season and about one degree colder than in August. In the Kattegat Last updated: Oct 05, 2021

amounts of organic material were noted in the deep water on the camera mounted on the CTD. More information about the algal situation can be found in the AlgAware report for August; https //www.smhi.se/en/publications/publications/algal-situation-reports-2-1056 Last updated: Aug 27, 2021

Kattegat, 8–9 °C in the Baltic Proper, about 7 °C in the Åland Sea, 5–6.5 °C in the Bothnian Sea and about 5 °C in the Gulf of Bothnia. The salinity of the surface water in the Baltic Proper was still above normal for the season and varied between 6.9–8.2 psu. In the Kattegat and Skagerrak, the salinity of Last updated: Dec 22, 2020

the impact of the 2014/2015s Major Baltic Inflow (MBI) of oxygenated salty water from the Kattegat on nutrient transports and eutrophication in the Baltic Sea. Role of SMHI SMHI participates on cruises collecting data in the Baltic proper as well as contributes to analyses of the data. SMHI is also Last updated: Nov 22, 2023

SMHI performed an oxygen and nutrient survey within SLU Aqua’s cruise; the International Bottom Trawl Survey (IBTS Q3), that covers the Skagerrak, the North Sea and the Kattegat. SMHI joins the cruise to perform CTD measurements in connection to each trawl and to take water samples for the annual Last updated: Sep 10, 2021