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lakes in the region, has been included in a crude, but time-efficient fashion. It appears that realistic modeling of the sea/lake ice is most important for modeling the regional climate in the Nordic region. The RCA model has been run fora ten-year period, focusing on the Nordic region, using results Last updated: Apr 01, 2020

pronounced differencc between land and sea regions in the area with much highcr frequencies of cleep convcctive clouds over land areas. Largcr lakes ( e.g., Lake Vänern) arc scen to be able to suppress frequcncies while smaller lakes (e.g., Lake Vättern) are not founcl to affect results at all. High Last updated: Jun 03, 2019

increased over the last 30 years. The current land uplift counteracts the rise in sea level, although only weakly in southern Sweden. The ice season has started later and ice break-up starts earlier and earlier for most of the lakes. The report also summarises the problems concerning sea level and flood Last updated: Jun 03, 2015

be more frequent, especially during the summer and autumn. This is due to an expected increase in evaporation, both from vegetation in the lake’s catchment area and from the surface of the lake. Currently the water level is lower than 21.6 m for about one month per year onaverage. In the future the Last updated: Jun 19, 2017

tools are improved through corporation between the governmental agencies. This report is the result of the initiative Kust-Wiki brought up in the program for Water and sea in spring of 2018. 1.2 Reporting for the Water Framework Directive The Water Framework Directive (WFD) was adopted by the EU in year Last updated: Sep 20, 2019

Less frequent high water levels No change in the highest water levels (the calculated maximum water level) An increase in water temperature A shorter ice cover period. With a warmer climate the evaporation is expected to increase, both from vegetation in the lake’s catchment area as well as directly Last updated: Jun 19, 2017

Shipping and Navigation (1982) Climatological Ice Atlas for the Baltic Sea, Kattegat, Skagerrak and Lake Vänern, 1963 - 1979. S-601 78 Norrköping, Sweden Thorslund, B. (1966) Isförhållandena i Svenska farvatten under normalperioden 1931-60. SMHI, Notiser och Prel. Rapp. Serie Met. 13 Thorslund, B. (1967 Last updated: Apr 27, 2020

the plume chemistry is diffusion controlled. Keywords Plume model instantaneous dilution, chemical transformation, nitrogen oxides, nitrogen dioxide, air quality, deposition. Supplementary notes Number of pages 16 ISSN and title 0347-2116 SMHI Reports Meteorology and Cl imatology Report available from Last updated: Nov 22, 2019

to see what effect the change in land surface had on the climate, the researchers led by Gustav Strandberg (SMHI) looked at reconstructions of the land surface derived from analysis of thousands of years-old pollen grains preserved in lake sediments. Using a vegetation model, they also simulated what Last updated: Aug 30, 2023