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, it is shown that individual cloud transmittances for one and the same cloud class scatter a lot. Therefore it is difficult to accurately calculate solar irradiances, representative for short time intervals (>1 hour), with only cloud transmittances (and solar elevation) as input data. Though, for Last updated: Apr 01, 2020

values in the south. In the Sound, concentrations of inorganic nitrogen were normal, 3.7 µmol/l, while both phosphate and silicate showed, for the season, elevated levels, 0.6 µmol/l and 15.3 µmol/l respectively. These facts, together with the low salinity, indicate a clear influence of outflowing Baltic Last updated: Apr 23, 2014

west coast. The total cell numbers were rather low. Diatoms dominated and the genus Pseudo-nitzschia* was found in then highest concentrations. The coccolithophorid Emiliania huxleyi was abundant at most stations. The integrated (0-10 m and 0-20 m) chlorophyll a concentrations were within normal for Last updated: Nov 26, 2018

The integrated (0-10 m and 0-20 m) chlorophyll a concentrations were low but within normal for this month at all stations in the Kattegat and Skagerrak areas, except for Å15 where chlorophyll concentrations were higher than normal. The chlorophyll fluorescence maxima in these areas were caused by Last updated: Jun 25, 2018

In the Skagerrak and Kattegat, surface salinity was lower than normal, which indicates an influence of outflowing Baltic water. In the Baltic Proper the concentrations of phosphate and silicate were elevated in the Western Gotland Basin. The oxygen concentrations in the bottom water in Hanö Bight Last updated: Apr 23, 2014

The spate of recent extreme weather events over the extra-tropical Northern Hemisphere, including winter cold snaps and summer heat waves, were linked to the dramatic loss of sea ice and warming occurring in the Arctic, and to increases in Eurasian autumn and winter snow cover. Most of these Last updated: Nov 21, 2023

thermocline and halocline, which were most prominent at the inshore stations, were located at a depth of 4-8 metres. In the central Skagerrak, this increased to a depth of about 20 metres. A fluorescence maximum was observed at the inshore stations Släggö and P2. Enhanced silicate concentrations (of 3 Last updated: Apr 23, 2014

in them this week. In the Baltic Sea the phytoplankton diversity was generally low with mostly small species in low cell numbers. The integrated chlorophyll concentrations from 0-20 meters (diagrams) were normal for this month at all stations. From 0-10 meters (map) however the integrated Last updated: Oct 31, 2018

cruise. In the Gdansk Basin there is no longer any stratification and oxygen is mixed into hte water from the surface layer. This has improved the conditions int he bottom water. However, in the Eastern Gotland Basin hydrogen sulphide has been present in the bottom water for more than 13 years Last updated: May 19, 2020

Surface water temperatures were higher than normal in the whole investigated area. Nutrients showed typical early autumn values, on the west coast as well as in the Baltic Proper. Oxygen concentrations below 2 ml/l were observed at depths exceeding 70 – 80 metres in the Baltic. Hydrogen sulphide Last updated: Apr 23, 2014