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spread of algal blooms during the expeditions of R/V Aranda. To increase the sampling frequency, oceanographic measuring buoys are also used in the Baltic Sea and Kattegatt/Skagerrak, profiling floats, and a so-called Ferrybox system on the cargo ship TransPaper. Bio-optical sensors provide new methods Last updated: Sep 26, 2022

We compare the ensemble mean against observations of sea-ice in addition to temperature and precipitation over land areas that enclose the Arctic basin. The predictions are evaluated separately for summer and winter. The skills of the decadal predictions are assessed by combining the results from Last updated: Mar 20, 2017

SMHI is involved in many work packages of the project, but the Research and Development Department is mainly involved in creating a more than 20 years long (1989-2012) reanalysis for the Baltic Sea and the North Sea. In a reanalysis, the data from observations and a model are blended in an Last updated: May 03, 2018

flows both in and downstream of the fire area, to find out how they are changed by a forest fire. “After the fire we had a different seasonal distribution of the water flows. In the autumn we had increased flows as the vegetation didn’t absorb as much water. In the spring the snow melted more quickly Last updated: Jan 19, 2024

by a uniformly deep sea over a homogenous interior, and the only gravitational force was from the Moon, then high tide would occur at the position closest to the Moon and also on the opposite side of the Earth - since the gravitational force here is less than the centrifugal force. The Moon orbits Last updated: Apr 23, 2014

, ICES CM 2006/E12, ICES Annual Science conference., 2006 Eilola, K., H.E.M. Meier, E. Almroth and A. Höglund, Transports and budgets of oxygen and phosphorus in the Baltic Sea, SMHI Reports Oceanography No.96, 2008. Eilola, K., H.E.M. Meier and E. Almroth, On the dynamics of oxygen, phosphorus and Last updated: May 17, 2019

Since July 2004, a system for hydrological ensemble forecasting has been operational at SMHI. The system uses meteorological ensemble forecasts of precipitation and temperature from ECMWF as input to the hydrological HBV model, which generates an ensemble of discharge forecasts. In this report, the Last updated: Apr 23, 2014

  Coastal radars can provide detailed information about the direction and speed of water on the sea surface. This information provides important input for work concerning the ocean environment, transports, oil spills and search and rescue actions.     “Data from the system is received once an hour Last updated: Mar 20, 2017

In the high latitude regions climate change is amplified via a number of different feedback mechanisms. This leads to a faster warming compared to the projected global mean trend leading to less sea ice, warmer oceanic and atmospheric temperatures and a moister atmosphere. As a consequence, the Last updated: Nov 21, 2023

This report presents the latest version of the Rossby Centre regional atmospheric model, RCA3, with focus on model improvements since the earlier version, RCA2. The main changes in RCA3 relate to the treatment of land surface processes. Apart from the changes in land surface parameterizations Last updated: Apr 23, 2014