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As mixing plays a dominant role for the physics of an estuary like the Baltic Sea (seasonal heat storage, mixing in channels, deep water mixing), different mixing parameterizations for use in 3D Baltic Sea models are discussed and compared. For this purpose two different OGCMs of the Baltic Sea are …

An integrated ecological model system has been developed that will serve as a first step towards an operational model system for the Skagerrak-Kattegat-Baltic area. The marine biogeochemical model, SCOBI, has been implemented into 3D and has been coupled to the pre-operational hydrological model …

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Results of 13-year hindcast simulations for the period 1980-1993 are presented using a 6 nm version of RCO (the Rossby Centre Ocean model). The coupled ice-ocean model for the Baltic Sea with open boundary in northern Kattegat is forced with realistic atmospheric forcing and river runoff. The …

The manual is intended to provide users of PROBE computer code with necessary background information and assistance for successful use.

PROBE (PROgram for Boundary Layers in the Environment) can be classified as an "equation solver for one-dimensional transient, or two dirnensional steady, …

For the first time a coupled ice-ocean model system simulating both  dynamic and thermodynamic processes has been run operationally for the Baltic Sea. The dynamical part of the system is based upon a two-dimensional coupled ice-ocean model that resolves the horizontal space and time, and the …

The Gulf of Riga is one of the main subbasins of the Baltic, coupled through one shallow and one deep (the sill depth in Virtsu is 5 and in Irbe 35 meter) strait. The fresh water flux to the gulf from river Daugava is one of the highest in the Baltic. Nevertheless, the average gulf salinity is …